Mark A Cella is a world renowned archeologist and professor of Egyptology at San Diego State University in San Diego California. He’s led over a dozen digs and expeditions to the pyramids and the Valley of the Kings over the past fifteen years.
Today: “Pharoah”
Kings were not only males, and unlike in modern monarchies, the ruler of ancient Egypt, whether male or female, was always called a king. In fact, Egypt had some very noteworthy female rulers such as Hatshepsut and others.
In ancient (Pharaonic) Egypt, the pinnacle of Egyptian society, and indeed of religion, was the king. Below him were the layers of the educated bureaucracy which consisted of nobles, priests and civil servants, and under them were the great mass of common people, usually living very poor, agricultural based lives.
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